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HCIE Datacom学习大纲-MP-BGP报文详解-WOLFLAB

发布日期:2022-05-07 浏览次数:2780 来源:崔志鹏

HCIE Datacom学习大纲-MP-BGP报文详解-WOLFLAB

WOLFLAB沃尔夫IE培训讲师:崔志鹏 CCIE#64969 HCIE#15621提供编写,

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传统的BGP-4只能管理IPv4单播路由信息,对于使用其它网络层协议(如IPv6、组播等)的应用,在跨AS传播时就受到一定限制。BGP多协议扩展MP-BGP(MultiProtocol BGP)就是为了提供对多种网络层协议的支持,对BGP-4进行的扩展。目前的MP-BGP标准是RFC4760,使用扩展属性和地址族来实现对IPv6、组播和VPN相关内容的支持,BGP协议原有的报文机制和路由机制并没有改变。

MP-BGP对IPv6单播网络的支持特性称为BGP4+,对IPv4组播网络的支持特性称为MBGP(Multicast BGP)。MP-BGP为IPv6单播网络和IPv4组播网络建立独立的拓扑结构,并将路由信息储存在独立的路由表中,保持单播IPv4网络、单播IPv6网络和组播网络之间路由信息相互隔离,也就实现了用单独的路由策略维护各自网络的路由。

扩展属性

为实现对多种网络层协议的支持,因此MP-BGP引入了两个新的可选非过渡路径属性:

  • MP_REACH_NLRI:Multiprotocol Reachable NLRI,多协议可达NLRI。用于发布可达路由及下一跳信息。

  • MP_UNREACH_NLRI:Multiprotocol Unreachable NLRI,多协议不可达NLRI。用于撤销不可达路由。

地址族

MP-BGP采用地址族(Address Family)来区分不同的网络层协议,目前支持的地址族视图包括:

  • BGP-IPv4单播地址族视图

  • BGP-IPv4组播地址族视图

  • BGP-VPN实例IPv4地址族视图

  • BGP-VPNv4地址族视图

  • BGP-IPv6单播地址族视图

  • BGP-VPN实例IPv6地址族视图

 

1、扩展能力的协商:

1651904905816522.png


1651904941955591.png

Border Gateway Protocol - OPEN Message

    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff

    Length: 45

    Type: OPEN Message (1)

    Version: 4

    My AS: 123

    Hold Time: 180

    BGP Identifier: 1.1.1.1

    Optional Parameters Length: 16

    Optional Parameters

        Optional Parameter: Capability

            Parameter Type: Capability (2)

            Parameter Length: 14

            Capability: Multiprotocol extensions capability

                Type: Multiprotocol extensions capability (1)

                Length: 4

                AFI: IPv4 (1)

                Reserved: 00

                SAFI: Labeled VPN Unicast (128)

            Capability: Route refresh capability

                Type: Route refresh capability (2)

                Length: 0

            Capability: Support for 4-octet AS number capability

                Type: Support for 4-octet AS number capability (65)

                Length: 4

                AS Number: 123

 

2、路由的更新

HCIE Datacom.png

@地址族信息( Address Family Information )域:由2字节的地址族标识AFI ( Address Family Identifier )1字节的子地址族标识SAFI ( Subsequent Address Family Identifier )组成;

@下一跳长度( Length of Next Hop Network Address )域:1字节长度,表示下一跳地址的长度,通常情况下为16

@下一跳地址( Network Address of Next Hop)域:长度由上一个字段决定, 一般情况下为全球单播地址;

@保留字段( Reserved )域:1字节,必须为0

@网络层可达信息( Network Layer Reachability Infomation )域:表示含有匹配相同属性的路由信息,当此字段为0时,表示为缺省路由;

HCIE Datacom.png

1651905050762924.png

Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message

    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff

    Length: 112

    Type: UPDATE Message (2)

    Withdrawn Routes Length: 0

    Total Path Attribute Length: 89

    Path attributes

        Path Attribute - ORIGIN: IGP

        Path Attribute - AS_PATH: 600

        Path Attribute - MULTI_EXIT_DISC: 0

        Path Attribute - LOCAL_PREF: 100

        Path Attribute - ORIGINATOR_ID: 3.3.3.3

        Path Attribute - CLUSTER_LIST: 2.2.2.2

        Path Attribute - EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES

            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete

            Type Code: EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES (16)

            Length: 8

            Carried extended communities: (1 community)

                Route Target: 1:1 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]

                    Type: Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific (0x00)

                    Subtype (AS2): Route Target (0x02)

                    2-Octet AS: 1

                    4-Octet AN: 1

        Path Attribute - MP_REACH_NLRI

            Flags: 0x90, Optional, Extended-Length, Non-transitive, Complete

            Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)

            Length: 33

            Address family identifier (AFI): IPv4 (1)

            Subsequent address family identifier (SAFI): Labeled VPN Unicast (128)

            Next hop:  RD=0:0 IPv4=3.3.3.3

                Route Distinguisher: 0:0

                IPv4 Address: 3.3.3.3

            Number of Subnetwork points of attachment (SNPA): 0

            Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)

                BGP Prefix

                    Prefix Length: 120

                    Label Stack: 1026 (bottom)

                    Route Distinguisher: 3:3

                    MP Reach NLRI IPv4 prefix: 6.6.6.6

注意:BGP和MP-BGP的update有所不同

@BGP的路由信息单独有个NLRI字段去携带,MP-BGP是通过新增的可选非过渡路径属性MP_REACH_NLRI携带的;

@BGP的下一跳属性放在路径属性里面,MP-BGP下一跳还是放在MP_REACH_NLRI里面;

@BGP的NLRI信息携带前缀和掩码,MP-BGP携带RD、私网标签,前缀、前缀长度;

注意:前缀长度,120表示mask=32 88表示mask=0 96表示mask=8 104表示mask=16 112表示mask=24;

怎么算的?

用前缀的长度120-(私网标签3byte+RD8byte)加起来的长度=32

 

3、路由的撤销

HCIE Datacom.png

HCIE Datacom.png

地址族信息( Address Family Information )域:由2字节的地址族标识AFI ( Address Family Identifier )1字节的子地址族标识SAFI ( Subsequent Address Family Identifier )组成。

撤销路由( Withdrawn Routes )域:表示撤销的路由条目。格式为<掩码长度,路由前缀>,当此掩码长度为0时,表示为缺省路由。

Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message

    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff

    Length: 46

    Type: UPDATE Message (2)

    Withdrawn Routes Length: 0    //撤销路由的长度为0,MP-BGP撤销路由不看这个,就看是否有MP_UNREACH_NLRI这个属性,BGP才看。

    Total Path Attribute Length: 23

    Path attributes

        Path Attribute - MP_UNREACH_NLRI

            Flags: 0x90, Optional, Extended-Length, Non-transitive, Complete

            Type Code: MP_UNREACH_NLRI (15)

            Length: 19

            Address family identifier (AFI): IPv4 (1)

            Subsequent address family identifier (SAFI): Labeled VPN Unicast (128)

            Withdrawn Routes

                BGP Prefix

                    Prefix Length: 120

                    Label Stack: 0 (bottom)

                    Route Distinguisher: 3:3

                    MP Unreach NLRI IPv4 prefix: 6.6.6.6

 

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