EI CCNA｜CCNP培训基础IPv6-静态路由的书写方式含实验拓扑_出接口_下一跳的不同

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EI CCNA｜CCNP培训-IPv6静态路由的书写

EI CCNA｜CCNP培训-实验拓补:

R1配置:

R1(config)#int g0/0

R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:12::1/64

R2配置:

R2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

R2(config)#int g0/0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:12::2/64

R2(config)#int g0/1

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:23::2/64

R3配置:

R3(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:23::3/64

配置IPv6静态路由跟出接口

R1配置:

R1(config)#ipv6 route 2001:23::/64 g0/0

R3配置:

R3(config)#ipv6 route 2001:12::/64 g0/1

R1的IPv6路由表:

R1#show ipv6 route

C   2001:12::/64 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/0, directly connected

L   2001:12::1/128 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/0, receive

S   2001:23::/64 [1/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/0, directly connected

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

      via Null0, receive

R2路由表:

R2#show ipv6 route

C   2001:12::/64 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/0, directly connected

L   2001:12::2/128 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/0, receive

C   2001:23::/64 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/1, directly connected

L   2001:23::2/128 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/1, receive

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

      via Null0, receive

R3路由表:

R3#show ipv6 route

S   2001:12::/64 [1/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/1, directly connected

C   2001:23::/64 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/1, directly connected

L   2001:23::3/128 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/1, receive

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

      via Null0, receive

R1访问R3:

R1#ping 2001:23::3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:23::3, timeout is 2 seconds:

.....

访问失败!

由于静态路由跟出接口,如同曾经的ARP协议一样,不晓得数据流量的下一跳路由器只能够请求目的IPv6地址的对应MAC地址,这时R1发送的NS消息所指向的目的地址是2001:23::3的被请求节点组播地址.而R2的接口却并没有加入到此组播当中,对于这个组播数据包,R2当然置之不理,谁让我连这个组的组成员都不是呢(笑)

R1的NS消息数据包:

R2的G0/0 IPv6接口信息

R2#show ipv6 int g0/0

GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up

  IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::5200:FF:FE06:0 

  No Virtual link-local address(es):

  Global unicast address(es):

    2001:12::2, subnet is 2001:12::/64 

  Joined group address(es):

    FF02::1

    FF02::2

    FF02::1:FF00:2

    FF02::1:FF06:0

因此,在IPv6当中静态路由跟出接口是无法访问目的地址的,可能有人会想为啥R2不帮忙回复NA(笑),人家R2在IPv4里头帮忙回复原因是人家有代理ARP,在IPv6里头ARP都没了咋回.而且人家接口都没进组播组里头,收都不收,里面的内容看都不看就丢了,ARP包人家看的原因是ARP是二层广播,谁都能看,路由器才打开看看,然后根据路由表是否可达才考虑帮不帮忙回复ARP.这里人家看都看不到就丢了,所以,结论是,静态路由跟下一跳,寄.

IPv6当中的静态路由不能跟出接口,必须指定下一跳地址.以下是简单实验.

R1配置:

R1(config)#no ipv6 route 2001:23::/64 g0/0

R1(config)#ipv6 route 2001:23::/64 G0/0 FE80::5200:FF:FE06:0 //跟Link-Local时指定出接口

R3配置:

R3(config)#no ipv6 route 2001:12::/64 g0/1

R3(config)#ipv6 route 2001:12::/64 G0/1 FE80::5200:FF:FE06:1 //跟Link-Local时指定出接口

R1的IPv6路由表:

R1#show ipv6 route

C   2001:12::/64 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/0, directly connected

L   2001:12::1/128 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/0, receive

S   2001:23::/64 [1/0]

     via FE80::5200:FF:FE06:0, GigabitEthernet0/0

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

      via Null0, receive

R2路由表:

R2#show ipv6 route

C   2001:12::/64 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/0, directly connected

L   2001:12::2/128 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/0, receive

C   2001:23::/64 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/1, directly connected

L   2001:23::2/128 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/1, receive

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

      via Null0, receive

R3路由表:

R3#show ipv6 route

S   2001:12::/64 [1/0]

      via FE80::5200:FF:FE06:1, GigabitEthernet0/1

C   2001:23::/64 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/1, directly connected

L   2001:23::3/128 [0/0]

      via GigabitEthernet0/1, receive

L   FF00::/8 [0/0]

      via Null0, receive

R1访问R3:

R1#ping 2001:23::3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:23::3, timeout is 2 seconds:

R1#ping 2001:23::3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:23::3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/5/17 ms

访问成功!当静态路由跟下一跳时路由器很明确直到数据包该交给谁,这时发送的NS消息将会是下一跳路由器也就是R2的G0/0接口的Link-Local地址,并将获取的MAC地址封装数据包.

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